Physics / mechanism
Competitive landscape
Direct air capture (DAC) via liquid solvents (Carbon Engineering/Oxy) and solid sorbents (Climeworks, Global Thermostat) compete on cost and energy intensity. Enhanced weathering (UNDO, Eion) spreads crushed silicates on agricultural land—lower capex, harder to verify. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (Planetary, Ebb Carbon) overlaps with 44.01’s subsurface/marine approach. Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) competes on policy subsidy capture.
Companies using
Connected ideas
Sources
Frontier (open questions)
- To be added.