Physics / mechanism
Competitive landscape
Superconducting qubits (IBM, Google) dominate gate-based computation but require dilution refrigeration (~15 mK). Trapped ions (IonQ, Quantinuum) offer high fidelity but slow gate rates. Photonic qubits (PsiQuantum, QuiX) target fault-tolerance via photon loss tolerance. NV centres compete primarily in quantum sensing and quantum networking repeater nodes rather than gate-model computation. Silicon spin qubits (Intel, imec) are the closest room-temperature-compatible rival for integration with CMOS fabs.
| Platform | Temp | T₂ | Fab integration |
|---|---|---|---|
| NV Diamond | 300 K | ~1 ms | Hard, bespoke CVD |
| Si Spin Qubit | ~1 K | ~10 ms | CMOS-compatible |
| Superconducting | 15 mK | ~100 µs | Wafer-scale Al/Nb |
Companies using
Connected ideas
Sources
Frontier (open questions)
- To be added.